Islam, réformisme et Etat au Tchad de 1979 à 2004

Abstract

Focusing on interactive and reciprocal effects of the processes of the political and institutional Islamic reforms on social change in early 1990s and pressures in the name of “democracy”, this research is not limited to democratic results, but rather take into consideration the everywhere liberalization: as a consequence reduced state control over societal forces. The history of Islam in Chad can be explained in three stages, containment, mixing, and reform. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the adaptation of Islam into the actual Chadian Islamic secularization or rather to adapt Islam to the present day’s life characterized by the explosion of associational life and politicization of social groups: both “interest” and “identity” based groups. We intend to identify the areas of Islamic reforms spheres and actors whose give rise to social change and emergence of other new actors’ cumulative effect of “micro-transitions” which “reshape contours of state power and the emergence of new actors and arenas of contestation” from 1979 to 2004.